ITAR vs EAR: Export Control Guide for Space Companies

US export controls significantly impact space operations worldwide.

ITAR vs EAR

ITAR (International Traffic in Arms Regulations)

• State Department (DDTC)

• Defense articles on USML

• Strict control, case-by-case licensing

• Severe penalties

EAR (Export Administration Regulations)

• Commerce Department (BIS)

• Dual-use items

• License exceptions often available

• Significant but civil penalties

Compliance Strategies

Option 1: Avoid US Content Source non-US alternatives. Higher cost but simpler compliance.

Option 2: Manage US Content Comprehensive classification, internal compliance program, training.

Option 3: Obtain Licenses Build relationships with US suppliers, apply for licenses, factor time into schedules.

Red Flags

• Unusual secrecy requests

• Embargoed destinations

• Pressure to avoid normal channels

Export control compliance isn't optional—it's existential.