Technical
Deorbit Plan
A documented strategy for removing a spacecraft from orbit at the end of its operational life, either through controlled re-entry or natural decay.
A deorbit plan is a mandatory component of space mission planning under the EU Space Act, ensuring spacecraft are removed from congested orbital regimes after their mission ends.
Plan Components
- Orbital Lifetime Analysis: Natural decay timeline without intervention
- Disposal Method: Controlled or uncontrolled re-entry
- Propellant Budget: Reserved fuel for deorbit maneuver
- Timeline: Sequence of end-of-life operations
- Contingencies: Backup plans for system failures
Regulatory Requirements
- LEO missions: Maximum 5 years post-mission orbital lifetime (EU)
- GEO missions: Graveyard orbit insertion (300+ km above GEO)
- MEO missions: Case-by-case assessment
Controlled vs. Uncontrolled Controlled Re-entry:
- Targeted impact zone (ocean)
- Lower casualty risk
- Requires more propellant
Uncontrolled Re-entry:
- Natural atmospheric decay
- Acceptable if casualty risk < 10⁻⁴
- Requires "design for demise"
Documentation Deorbit plans must be submitted with authorization applications and updated if mission parameters change.