Skip to main contentSkip to main content
Back to Glossary
Legal

Liability Convention

The 1972 UN Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, establishing state liability for space activities.

The Liability Convention (formally the Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects) establishes international rules for compensation when space objects cause damage.

Key Principles

  • Absolute Liability: Launching state is absolutely liable for damage on Earth's surface or to aircraft
  • Fault Liability: Liability based on fault for damage in space
  • Joint Liability: Multiple launching states may be jointly liable

Launching State Definition A state is a "launching state" if it:

  • Launches the space object
  • Procures the launch
  • Provides territory or facilities for launch

Claims Process

  1. Claim presented through diplomatic channels
  1. One-year presentation deadline
  1. Claims Commission if no agreement
  1. Binding decision within one year

Historic Claims

  • Cosmos 954 (1978): Soviet nuclear satellite debris in Canada
  • Settlement: CAD 3 million

EU Space Act Integration The Act ensures EU compliance with Liability Convention by:

  • Requiring operator insurance
  • Establishing national recovery mechanisms
  • Coordinating between member states