Operator TypesSCO
Spacecraft Operator
An entity responsible for the command and control of a spacecraft during its mission, from launch through end-of-life.
A Spacecraft Operator (SCO) is defined under the EU Space Act as any natural or legal person responsible for the operation of one or more spacecraft. This includes command and control functions throughout the spacecraft's lifecycle.
Responsibilities
- Pre-launch: Authorization, registration, insurance
- Launch: Coordination with launch provider
- Operations: Command and control, collision avoidance
- End-of-life: Deorbiting or graveyard maneuvers
Regulatory Requirements SCOs must obtain authorization and comply with:
- Technical standards (spacecraft design, reliability)
- Operational requirements (tracking, telemetry)
- Debris mitigation obligations
- Cybersecurity measures (NIS2 if applicable)
- Insurance minimums
Types of SCOs
- Commercial operators (telecom, EO, navigation)
- Governmental operators
- Scientific/research operators
- Academic operators
Light Regime Eligibility Small satellite operators may qualify for simplified authorization under the light regime if they meet size and risk criteria.