Export Administration Regulations
The US regime (15 CFR 730–774) controlling dual-use and certain commercial items on the Commerce Control List, administered by the Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS).
The EAR governs the export, re-export, and transfer of dual-use items — goods and technologies with both civil and military applications — listed on the Commerce Control List (CCL). It is administered by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS).
Many commercial satellites, components, and related technical data fall under the EAR rather than ITAR following the 2014 reform that moved them off the US Munitions List. Each controlled item carries an Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) that, together with the destination, end-user, and end-use, determines whether a licence is required.
Like ITAR, the EAR reaches deemed exports and imposes significant penalties for violations.