ITAR
The International Traffic in Arms Regulations (22 CFR 120–130), the US regime controlling the export of defense articles and services on the US Munitions List, administered by the State Department's DDTC.
ITAR governs the export and temporary import of defense-related articles, technical data, and services listed on the United States Munitions List (USML). It is administered by the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) within the US Department of State.
For the space sector, USML Category XV covers certain spacecraft and related items, although many commercial satellites and components were moved to the less restrictive Export Administration Regulations (EAR) in the 2014 export-control reform. Determining whether an item is ITAR- or EAR-controlled is a critical first step for any cross-border space programme.
Violations carry severe civil and criminal penalties, and "deemed exports" — releasing controlled technical data to a foreign person, even domestically — are also regulated.