Legal
Indemnification
Legal arrangements whereby one party agrees to compensate another for potential losses.
Indemnification provisions allocate risk between operators and states.
Common Arrangements
- Operator indemnifies state above insurance
- State provides capped indemnity for catastrophic events
- Cross-waivers between parties
EU Space Act proposal (COM(2025) 335)
- No insurance or liability rules for operators; these remain national (e.g. France, LOS Art. 6, 13-17; Austria, Weltraumgesetz §§ 4(4), 11)