Operator TypesLO
Launch Operator
An entity responsible for the preparation and execution of space launch activities, including launch vehicle operations.
A Launch Operator (LO) is responsible for all activities related to launching space objects into orbit. This includes launch vehicle preparation, launch execution, and early orbit operations until spacecraft handover.
Scope of Activities
- Launch vehicle integration
- Launch countdown and execution
- Early orbit phase operations
- Spacecraft deployment/separation
- Upper stage disposal
Authorization Requirements Launch operators require specific authorization covering:
- Launch vehicle technical approval
- Launch trajectory and safety analysis
- Third-party liability insurance
- Environmental impact assessment
- Debris mitigation plan for upper stages
Safety Obligations
- Flight safety systems
- Range safety coordination
- Emergency procedures
- Public safety measures
European Launch Operators
- Arianespace (France)
- Rocket Factory Augsburg (Germany)
- PLD Space (Spain)
- Isar Aerospace (Germany)