Space Regulation in France
France has one of the most comprehensive national space laws in Europe — the Loi relative aux opérations spatiales (LOS) of 2008. CNES acts as the technical authority, while authorization decisions rest with the relevant ministry.
National Space Law
Loi relative aux opérations spatiales (LOS) 2008
- •Authorization required for all launch and orbital operations
- •Strict liability regime for space operators
- •Mandatory third-party liability insurance
- •Technical standards set by CNES
- •End-of-life disposal requirements
National Competent Authority (NCA)
CNES
Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES)
Authorization Requirements
- Application submitted to Ministry of Higher Education and Research
- Technical assessment by CNES
- Proof of financial guarantees
- Third-party liability insurance
- Debris mitigation plan
- Ground segment security assessment
Insurance & Liability
Minimum EUR 60 million for launch phase, EUR 20 million for in-orbit operations. State provides additional coverage through guarantee mechanism.
Key Differences from EU Space Act
France's LOS is often cited as a model for the EU Space Act. French operators are already well-prepared for EU-level requirements, though some adjustments may be needed for NIS2 cybersecurity obligations.
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Other Jurisdictions
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Side-by-side comparison of space law requirements across 10 European jurisdictions.
Germany
German Space Act (Weltraumgesetz) and BNetzA oversight.
United Kingdom
UK Space Industry Act and CAA licensing.
Luxembourg
Luxembourg space law including space resources legislation.
Netherlands
Dutch Space Activities Act and ILT supervision.